Juncker’s conservative CSV party won 33.4 percent of the vote in the snap election and 23 seats in the tiny wealthy country’s 60-seat parliament, according to estimates by RTL television.

This compared to 38 percent and 26 seats it won at the last election in 2009.

The centre-right Christian Social People’s Party has won every election bar one in Luxembourg since its establishment in 1944.

Just under 240,000 people were called to the ballot box in the European Union’s richest state per capita for an election brought forward by seven months after the discovery of misconduct in the secret services.

The prime minister’s coalition with the socialist party splintered over misdemeanours by the SREL spy agency, which Juncker oversees.

The 58-year-old premier came under fire for concentrating too much on his role as head of the eurozone finance ministers during the bloc’s debt crisis and taking his eye off domestic issues.

His secret service was accused of a series of scandals ranging from illegal phone-tapping to dodgy dealing in luxury cars.

Casting his vote, Juncker said: “I want the CSV to remain the strongest party so that we can govern for the next five years. If this is not the case, I will be an opposition MP.”

The estimates showed the socialists losing a little ground at 19.3 percent (down 2.3 percent), leaving them neck-to-neck with the opposition Liberals at 19.2 percent, who made a sharp gain of 4.2 percent.

But outgoing Finance Minister Luc Frieden said it was “far too early” to say what coalition would lead the country in the coming years.

Though voters deem Juncker competent to continue to steer the state, surveys show a younger generation of politicians increasingly picking up support, notably 40-year-old Liberal Party chief Xavier Bettel.

Also expected to make gains was Greens newcomer Francois Bausch, who for the past three years has run the Luxembourg town hall with Bettel. Estimates showed them losing one of seven seats however.

Bettel and Bausch have made no secret of their hopes of forming a coalition government without Juncker’s CSV.

But they would need backing from the Socialists, who withdrew their support from Juncker amid the spy scandal.

Socialist leader Etienne Schneider said it was “time for change” on his Facebook page.

“If it’s possible to carry out… real reforms aimed at modernising the state and giving it a new impetus, then yes, I’m in favour of a three-way coalition,” added Schneider, who has made no secret of wanting to become prime minister.

“Today I really want to become prime minister to give a new dynamic to the country and reform it from top to bottom,” said the 42-year-old outgoing economy minister.

According to partial results, the Liberals, Greens and Socialists would have just enough seats to form a majority, with an estimated 32 seats.

On the campaign trail, Juncker hammered home the message that a three-party coalition — which would be the first of its kind for Luxembourg — would undermine the nation.

He has nevertheless said he would be prepared to govern in a two-way coalition with the socialists, Greens or Liberals.

The CSV campaigned on Juncker’s experience — he has spent nearly half his life in government — and a need for stability in the tiny Grand Duchy wedged between Belgium, France and Germany.

Although the small nation is comparatively wealthy, unemployment has edged up to nearly seven percent and debt has trebled in the past 15 years.

Nine parties in all were running in the elections, from the extreme leftwing Dei Lenk to populist rightwing group ADR.