working employment
Why The Netherlands needs women 05/12/2007 00:00
To guarantee continued economic growth and pensions for the next generation, the Dutch need to encourage their women to work, and help them to stay there, reveals new research.
According to a report published recently by Dutch government research institute Social-Cultural Planning Bureau (SCP), two-thirds of Dutch mothers with children up the age of 12 have paid jobs, and work on average 19 hours per week.
Entitled ‘Mothers, Work and Childcare,’ the report polled 1870 households to follow a decision by the Dutch government to enhance the number of mothers holding paid jobs and encourage them to work more hours.
Increased participation in the labour force is thought to solidify women’s financial independence and emancipation, and thus enhance equality between men and women.
But another, perhaps politically even more important reason to induce women to enter the workforce in higher numbers and, once at work, to work more hours, is economic need.
Providing for the greying population
In order to guarantee continued economic growth and guarantee pensions for the next generation, the Dutch economy needs more female workers.
This demands a cultural revolution, as Dutch women traditionally work mostly part-time and leave the workforce temporarily when they have children.
The SCP's current report confirmed these findings. Among the households researched, 40 per cent had children aged 0 to 3, 80 per cent had children in the ages of 4 to 12, with a 40 per cent overlap - that is, households having both age groups.
Mothers with school-aged children tend to work most, usually while their children are at school. They are followed by mothers of children up to the age of 3.
Mothers, who have children in both age groups, work in significantly fewer numbers than either of the two other categories.
While childcare in the Netherlands is relatively expensive, neither its cost nor its availability plays any significant role in a Dutch woman's decision to work more or less.
Conforming to social norms and values
According to the research, women's preferences for paid work are determined by social norms and values. As well as by the amount of remuneration. The higher the salary, the more women are inclined to remain in the workforce, or to continue to take a long workweek, despite their motherhood.
A total of 13 per cent of the mothers with children up to 3 years old do not use any form of childcare, dividing childcare duties between themselves and their partners.
Among those with children aged 4-12, some 36 per cent do not use any childcare.
The SCP also noted that if women have more children, they tend to work less. More than half of the women who have four or more children do not hold paid jobs.
Birth-rate dilemma
This notion poses a dilemma for Dutch politicians. Increased female participation in the workforce is required to maintain the current economic level.
However, long-term maintenance of the Dutch economy can only be guaranteed if the current birth-rate increases substantially.
With 1.7 children per woman, the Dutch birth rate is already too low to maintain the current level of the welfare state in one or two generations.
21 August 2007
[Copyright Expatica + DPA]
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2 reactions to this article
salwn posted: 03-06-2008 | 10:42 AM
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verses Verses from letter of saint paul to colossians
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salwn posted: 03-06-2008 | 10:51 AM
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Very Important And Danger Report
The Future Of European’s Land
Europe's Muslim street
By omer taspinar
Visiting fellow,foreign policy studies
slam may still be a faraway religion for millions of Americans but for Europeans it is local pllitices.the 15 million Muslims of the European union(eu) –up to three times as many as live in the united state-are becoming a more powerful political force than the fabled Arab street. Europe's Muslims hail from different countries and display diverse religious tendencies,but the common denominator that links them to the Muslims world is their sympathy for Palestine and Palestinians. And unlike most of their Arab brethren growing numbers of Europe's Muslims can vote in elections that count.this political ascendance threatens to exacerbate existing strains within the trans-atlantic relationship.the presence of nearly 10 million muslims versus only700.000 jews in the france and germany alone helps explain why continental Europe might look at the middle east from a defferent angle than does the united states.indeed French and german concerns about a unilateral u.s. attach on iraq or Washington 's blind support for Israel are at least partly related to nervousness about the muslim street at home .whether Brussels,berlin,paris,or Washington like it or not ,Europe muslim constituencies are likely to become an even more vocal forein policy lobby .two trends are empowering europe's muslim street:demographics and opportunities for full citizenship.it's worth remembering hat eurpe's consequence of actions taken nearly a half century ago.during the postwar labor shortage in the 1950's and 1960's ,tunks,Algerians,Moroccans,Tunisians,and Pakistanis were called to help spur europe's iconomic recovery. No host country expected these 'guest-workers' as the germans called them with characteristic frankness ,to overstay their welcome .like all good guests ,they were supposed to leave ,preferably when the recession hit and the party was over in the 1970's .they didn't .instead ,their families joined thim ,and new generations of European turks.algerians,and Tunisians,and Pakistanis were born.more are on the way.today the muslim birth rate in Europe is three times higher than the non – muslimsone .if current trends continue,the muslim population of europe will nearly double by 2015 ,while the non-muslim population will shrink by 3.5 percent. A parallel process of muslim enfranchisement is accompanying this population surge.nearly half of the 5 million to 7 million muslims in france are already French citizen .the situation is similar for most of the 2 million muslims in great Britain .most recently,in 2000 ,germany join the countries whrer itizenship is granted according to birthplace instead of ancestr.the new german citizenship laws added already a half million voters to the rolls and have opened the road to citizenship to all other muslims in germany.whith currently 160.000 new muslim citizens a year ,the number of voters might total 3 million in the nest decade. In germany and elsewhere in Europe, a muslim swing vote is already having a critical impact.consider the ilectoral push that newly enfranchised 'german turks' gave to germany's incumnent social democrat(spd)-green coalition in last september's down-to-the-write election.these muslim germans pnished the anti-immigrant Christian democrats,sho oppose turkey's membership to the eu.and they expressed their gratitude for efforts by the spd green coalition to change the archaic laws of german citizenship.the bad news for the german Christian democrats is that in the next general election in 2006,roughly 1 million german turks will e eager to cast their votes.a big boost to the organization capacity of muslims in Europe cane most recently from france ,home to europe's largest mulsim community.the country's diverse muslim community is now represented by a unified French council of the Islamic faithu-apotential boon to its lobbying colut.french mulslims have also gain higher political visliblitity with the inclusion in prime minister jean-pierre raffarin's govermment of two cabinet members of north African origin.armed with the power of the vote and quickly learning the mechanics of lobbying,the muslims street in Europe is on its way to having more political weight then the arab street of Egypt or Saudi Arabia.but the attacks of September 11 have cast the growing influence of European muslims in a more ominous light.although the overwhelming majority of muslims living in Europe(or for that matter,the united states)are peaceful and law abiding,many European governments worry under their breath about the role of some European mulsims in past and future terrorist attachs-a concern stoked by the discovery of al qaeda cells in germany ,france,italy and Britain .given these not-so-latent suspicions and prejudices,one casualty of a major Islamic terrorist attach on European soil would likely be europe's budding multiculturalism.another major concern is the relationship between europe's muslims and what is perceived in some quarters as europe's growing anti-semitism..true, continental Europeans are much more supportive of the palestintan cause.overal,Europeans have a difficult time understanding how a small country like Israel can have so much influence over the sole superpower.but few in the u.s notice that the communities most resentful of Israel n Europe are muslim.the perpetrators of anti-Semitic incidents in france are not right-wing extremists protecting the 'french race' from jewish contamination:the 400or so anti-semitic incidents documented in the country during 2001 have mostly been attributed to muslim youth of north African origin.such incidents tend to spike upwards mbility also contribute to the frustration of muslims in Europe, who aften fell discriminated against.on the positive side,demographic growth and enfranchisement are already integrating European Muslims into the politicalmainstream and have the potential to produce a moderate type of euro-islam.yet the implications of a more vocal muslim lobby in europe's middle east policy offer no good news for the u.s .home to a minuscule jewsh minority and growing muslim masses,Europe will only get better at confronting the u.s at the game of ethnic-looby influence-a small price to pay, perhaps,for the emergence of a truly multicultural Europe.
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