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You are here: Home Finance & Business Pensions & Insurance Guide to German social security

19/01/2004Guide to German social security

Germany's welfare system was once the envy of other nations, but it has been hit by a funding crisis. We set out a guide to the country's social state.

Social insurance contributions are paid by employers and workers

Germany's once generous and comprehensive social welfare system is under pressure with a funding crisis resulting in part from the greying of the nation's population forcing the government to undertake major and unpopular reforms.

People employed in Germany have to contribute to four principal social insurance schemes. The contribution is paid half by the employer and half by the employee. This also includes trainees and members of the armed forces and civil service. The contributions are:

  • Rentenversicherung (Pension insurance): 19.5 percent
  • Arbeitslosenversicherung (Unemployment insurance):  6.5 percent
  • Krankenversicherung (Health insurance):  14.3 percent (average)
  • Pflegeversicherung (Nursing care insurance): 1.7 percent

You can claim an old-age pension in Germany when you have reached 64. But while the state pension remains the most important part of old-age income, the German Government has moved to encourage workers to supplement their state pensions with private retirement schemes by offering tax breaks.

This has resulted in a raft of new private retirement schemes hitting the pension market. These can be arranged through your bank or at almost any insurance company. But it is very wise to shop around to work out what policy suits you. 

This reflects the concerns that as a result of the greying of the German population, the deficit-hit state pension scheme will not be able to meet the full demands of a future generation of retirees.

Not all self-employed people have to pay contributions. But self-employed artists, journalists and members of the publishing profession have to pay contributions if their income exceeds a certain amount.  This is handled by the 'Kuenstlersozialkasse' in Wilhelmshaven.

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