28 August 2008

Brussels -- What do Kazakhstan, Israel and the northeastern corner of South America have in common?

Some people count them as European.

Kazakhstan, despite being in Central Asia, is a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Israel is in both UEFA and the Eurovision Song Contest -- competing in the latter rather more successfully in recent years than, say, France or Britain.

And the South American area of French Guyana is legally a province of France, which makes it officially a part of the European Union.

Of course, critics would say that it takes a lot more than just joining a European organization to count as properly "European."

But the problem with that criticism is there is, in fact, no commonly-agreed definition of "European" to confirm it.

More than linguistics
That is a far more than just a linguistic problem, because for some countries, the question of whether or not they count as European is a vital matter of foreign policy.

Take Turkey, for example. Both the North Atlantic Treaty which created NATO in 1949 and the various treaties which created the European Union, state that "any European state" which follows their rules can join.

But while NATO invited Turkey into the club as long ago as 1952, the EU is still arguing whether it is sufficiently European to join -- with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, for one, saying it is not.

A similar row broke out in July 2003 after Italy's famously unpredictable Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi started his six-month EU presidency by saying that Israel, among others, should join.

Israel does not "fulfill the geographical criteria" for membership, one Brussels official retorted icily.

A geographical sense?
At present, there are three main theories as to how a country's "Europeanness," or lack thereof, should be defined.

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